What does the term "weld metal" specifically refer to in arc welding?

Weld metal specifically refers to the material that is formed during the welding process, which results from the fusion of the base metal and the filler material, typically added through a filler rod or wire. During arc welding, heat generated by the electric arc melts both the base metal and the filler rod. As the molten metals cool, they solidify to create a bond known as the weld. This region is critical to weld quality, as its composition and properties directly influence the strength, ductility, and integrity of the joint.

The other choices highlight important components of the welding process but don’t capture the full essence of what weld metal entails. For example, the metal used in the electrode is indeed crucial for creating the arc and may participate in the weld; however, it doesn’t encompass the fusion of the base metal itself. The outer coating of an electrode serves a different purpose, providing shielding and stabilizing the arc rather than becoming part of the welded joint. Lastly, the base metal refers to the original material being welded, not the fusion that occurs during the welding operation.